Analytical Modeling of Metal Gate Granularity based Threshold Voltage Variability in NWFET

Estimation of threshold voltage V T variability for NWFETs has been compu- tationally expensive due to lack of analytical models. Variability estimation of NWFET is essential to design the next generation logic circuits. Compared to any other process induced variabilities, Metal Gate Granularity (MGG) is of paramount importance due to its large impact on V T variability. Here, an analytical model is proposed to estimate V T variability caused by MGG. We extend our earlier FinFET based MGG model to a cylindrical NWFET by sat- isfying three additional requirements. First, the gate dielectric layer is replaced by Silicon of electro-statically equivalent thickness using long cylinder approxi- mation; Second, metal grains in NWFETs satisfy periodic boundary condition in azimuthal direction; Third, electrostatics is analytically solved in cylindri- cal polar coordinates with gate boundary condition defined by MGG. We show that quantum effects only shift the mean of the V T distribution without sig- nificant impact on the variability estimated by our electrostatics-based model. The V T distribution estimated by our model matches TCAD simulations. The model quantitatively captures grain size dependence with {\sigma}(V T ) with excellent accuracy (6%error) compared to stochastic 3D TCAD simulations, which is a significant improvement over the state-of- the-art model with fails to produce even a qualitative agreement. The proposed model is 63 times faster compared to commercial TCAD simulations

Comparative evaluation of linear dimensional changes of four commercially available heat cure acrylic resins

Context: Heat cured acrylic resins undergo dimensional changes during polymerization. Dimensional changes which occur in the heat cure acrylic resins are shrinkage and expansion which affects the fit of the denture and occlusal relationship. Aims: The purpose of this study was to access the linear dimensional changes of four heat cure acrylic resins before and after curing and compare the changes among four different acrylic brands. Materials and Methods: Twenty four patients irrespective of age and sex were taken and four commercially available brands were procured. After the teeth arrangement on the mandibular trial denture, two pins were fixed in central fossae of first molar on both sides and one pin in the cingulum of left central incisor. Meliodent heat cure acrylic resin was used in Group A; Trevalon heat cure acrylic resin was used in Group B; Triplex heat cure acrylic resin was used in Group C and Vertex heat cure acrylic resin was used in Group D. Linear measurements of the trial wax up before and after curing and before and after finishing and polishing were measured and compared. Collected data was analyzed with analysis of variance and ′t′ test at 95% level of confidence (P=0.05). Results: The maximum percentage changes were seen in cases of Group A (Meliodent) followed by Group B, Group C and Group D (Trevalon, Triplex and Vertex). Meliodent showed the highest percentage change i.e. 1.18% and Vertex showed least percentage change of 0.37 %. Conclusions: Shrinkage occurred after curing and after finishing and polishing, which varies significantly with the four commercially available heat cure acrylic resins. Among the four different brands of heat cure acrylic resin Group D (Vertex) had the least linear dimensional changes after curing and after finishing and polishing, so that D (Vertex) could be the material of choice for fabrication of complete denture among the four brands

OdoriFy: A conglomerate of Artificial Intelligence-driven prediction engines for olfactory decoding

The molecular mechanisms of olfaction, or the sense of smell, are relatively under-explored compared to other sensory systems, primarily due to its underlying molecular complexity and the limited availability of dedicated predictive computational tools. Odorant receptors allow the detection and discrimination of a myriad of odorant molecules and therefore mediate the first step of the olfactory signaling cascade. To date, odorant (or agonist) information for the majority of these receptors is still unknown, limiting our understanding of their functional relevance in odor-induced behavioral responses. In this study, we introduce OdoriFy, a webserver featuring powerful deep neural network-based prediction engines. OdoriFy enables 1) identification of odorant molecules for wild-type or mutant human odorant receptors (Odor Finder); 2) classification of user-provided chemicals as odorants/non-odorants (Odorant Predictor); 3) identification of responsive odorant receptors for a query odorant (OR Finder); and 4) Interaction validation using Odorant-OR Pair Analysis. Additionally, OdoriFy provides the rationale behind every prediction it makes by leveraging Explainable Artificial Intelligence. This module highlights the basis of the prediction of odorants/non-odorants at atomic resolution and for the odorant receptors at amino acid levels. A key distinguishing feature of OdoriFy is that it is built on a comprehensive repertoire of manually curated information of human odorant receptors with their known agonists and non-agonists, making it a highly interactive and resource-enriched webserver. Moreover, comparative analysis of OdoriFy predictions with an alternative structure-based ligand interaction method revealed comparable results. OdoriFy is available freely as a web service at https://odorify.ahujalab.iiitd.edu.in/olfy/.</p

Molecular Imaging Targeting Corticotropin Releasing Hormone Receptor for Corticotropinoma: A Changing Paradigm

Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) is the major regulator of ACTH secretion from the anterior pituitary and acts via CRH-1 receptors (CRH-1R). Corticotropinoma though autonomous still retain their responsiveness to CRH and hence, we hypothesize that in vivo detection of CRH-1 receptors on pituitary adenoma using Gallium-68 ( 68Ga) tagged CRH can indicate the functionality of adenoma and combining it with Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) can provide requisite anatomical information